Despite significant improvements in throughput, edge AI accelerators (Neural Processing Units, or NPUs) are still often underutilized. Inefficient management of weights and activations leads to fewer ...

Today's high-speed embedded applications are like networks unto themselves. They possess tremendous processing resources capable of acquiring and analyzing large amounts of data that require a complex ...

In the last issue we started following a packet's journey from the wire up to the higher levels of network stack processing. We left the packet at the end of layer 3 processing, where IP has ...

What is a network protocol? Most textbook writers state something like this: A network protocol is a set of guidelines or standards for the operation of network devices, the methods of operation, and ...

Sitting above the physical layer is the link layer, which is responsible for scanning, advertising, creating, and maintaining links or connections between devices. The link layer also manages ...

Layers 7 through 4 are geared more to the application than the lower layers, which are designed to move packets from one place to another no matter what they contain. This top layer defines the ...

Whether it’s wired or wireless, most data communications today happens by way of packets of information travelling over one or more networks. But before these networks can work together, though, they ...

Smartphones must stay connected to mobile networks at all times to function properly. The core component that enables this constant connectivity is the communication modem (Baseband) inside the device ...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful surface-sensitive analytical technique ideally suited to the characterization of chemical composition and interfacial interactions within the ...

A networking topology choice that is easily misunderstood. There are many questions that come to mind when selecting a Layer 2 vs Layer 3 network topology for audio systems. Surprisingly, most of it ...