Kinetic theory and mathematical modelling have emerged as pivotal tools in analysing complex systems – ranging from biological entities and social interactions to financial markets. These methods ...

In a new study, scientists have investigated the pervasive low-rank hypothesis in complex systems, demonstrating that despite high-dimensional nonlinear dynamics, many real networks exhibit rapidly ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. I write about neuroscience and its intersection with technology. Jul 28, 2024, 03:10pm EDT When the whole is greater than the sum ...

Complex systems such as metabolic pathways, ecosystems, the Internet, or human societies are comprised of large numbers of components that interact according to rules that change over time and that ...

On Friday, research organization Epoch AI released FrontierMath, a new mathematics benchmark that has been turning heads in the AI world because it contains hundreds of expert-level problems that ...

Today's artificial intelligence (AI) systems possess many skills but typically fall short when it comes to tackling complex math problems. That's why Google is excited that two of its DeepMind AI ...

OpenAI o1 is a new large language model trained with reinforcement learning to perform complex reasoning. o1 thinks before it answers—it can produce a long internal chain of thought before responding ...

In a new paper from OpenAI, the company proposes a framework for analyzing AI systems' chain-of-thought reasoning to understand how, when, and why they misbehave.

Artificial intelligence has once again pushed the boundaries of what is possible. On November 14, 2025, an AI system, aptly named the AI Math Genius, achieved a significant milestone by delivering 100 ...

A typical dual-token system operates based on a financial loop. Let us consider a general example: Token U (utility) and ...