Integral Ad Science (IAS) is an American publicly-owned technology company that analyzes the value of digital advertising placements. Integral Ad Science is known for addressing issues around fraud, ...

Non-additive measure theory extends the traditional framework of measure and integration by allowing for measures that do not necessarily satisfy the additivity property. This broader perspective has ...

Electromagnetic integral equations offer a powerful framework for modelling wave propagation and scattering phenomena by recasting Maxwell’s equations into formulations involving integrals over ...